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农作物秸秆炭化还田土壤改良技术研究与应用

时间:2022-10-29 17:55:05 来源:网友投稿

摘 要:为从源头上解决农作物秸秆不合理利用造成的资源浪费和环境污染问题,科研工作者和企业相结合,研究形成农作物秸秆资源化利用的“三聚环保”模式。该模式依托农作物秸秆炭化还田——土壤改良技术,瞄准秸秆生物质综合利用这个农业痛点,贯彻落实“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”发展理念,具有广阔应用前景。农作物秸秆炭化还田避免了秸秆直接焚烧或堆埋,有效改善土壤理化性质,促进作物生长,提升土壤肥力,是土壤可持续管理的重要途径。但农作物秸秆炭化还田还存在很多问题,今后要加强生物质炭基肥的应用基础研究及制备工艺和成型设备的研制,要系统评估生物质炭及炭基肥大规模应用的生态效应及生态风险。相信随着研究的不断深入,生物质炭和炭基肥会得到科学合理的广泛应用,不仅实现了废弃物资源化利用,而且减少环境污染,为农业绿色发展做出积极贡献。

关键词:农作物秸秆;生物质热裂解;生物质炭;土壤改良;绿色农业

DOI: 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2018.10.010

Abstract: In order to solve the headstream problem of resource waste and environmental pollution caused by ueasonable utilization of crop straw, scientific researchers combined with enterprises to study and form the “Sanju Environmental Protection” model for crop straw resource utilization. Relying on the technology of returning carbonized crop straw to field and soil improvement, this model aims at the agricultural pain point of comprehensive utilization of straw biomass and implements the development concept of “innovation, coordination, green, open and sharing”, which has broad application prospects. Returning carbonized crop straw to the field avoids direct burning or burying of straw, effectively improved the physical and chemical properties of soil, promotes crop growth and improves soil fertility, which is an important way for sustainable soil management. However, there are still many problems in returning carbonized crop straw to field. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the basic research on the application of biomassbased carbon fertilizer and the development of its preparation technology and forming equipment, and to systematically evaluate the ecological effects and risks of the largescale application of biomassbased carbon and carbonbased fertilizers. Hopefully, with the deepening of research, biomass charcoal and carbonbased fertilizer will be widely used scientifically and reasonably. It not only realizes the resource utilization of waste materials, but also reduces environmental pollution and makes positive contributions to the green development of agriculture.

Key words: Crop straw; biomass pyrolysis; biomass carbon; soil improvement; green agriculture

我国是农业生产大国,农作物秸秆种类多、数量大、分布广。由于秸秆产业化利用程度低、经济效益差以及成本高等因素,导致我国农作物秸秆或废弃或直接燃烧,既浪费资源又造成环境污染,引起全社会的广泛关注[1-7]。经济的高速发展和农村生活方式的改变,使农业废弃物处理压力日益增大,废弃物资源化利用技术成为重要的研究课题。

近年来,科研工作者针对农作物秸秆资源化利用进行了有益探索。受南美洲亞马逊流域分布的黑土“terra preta”性质及其产生原理的影响[8-10],科学家在Nature刊文提议使用废弃物生物质热裂解产生的有机质来培肥不断退化的土壤[11-12]。2007年以来,废弃物生物质热裂解处理和生物质炭研究与技术开发得到农业和生态环境领域研究人员的广泛关注。本文立足农业废弃物生物质炭化技术研究和产业发展,探讨农作物秸秆资源化利用途径,并以“三聚环保”模式为例分析农作物秸秆炭化还田-土壤改良技术的形成及其农业应用,在此基础上指出农作物秸秆炭化还田技术存在的问题并提出对策,以期为我国农业废弃物资源化利用技术开发和产业发展提供参考。

相关热词搜索: 炭化 农作物 秸秆 改良 技术研究